Malaria

Malaria:

Definition:

Malaria is an infectious febrile disease caused by female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria parasite is transmitted by this mosquito from one patient to a healthy person. WHO reports that 300 to 500 million people catch Malaria every years and in 1 to 2 million are fatal. 90% of mortality occur in children under five in Africa. Malaria was a global disease in the past, but nowadays severely is reduced in Europe and is more common in Africa and Southeast Asia. In America the majority of those who have suffered from malaria are travelers who have traveled to other areas. Usually Malaria is divided into uncomplicated and severe and generally malaria can be healed if it is diagnosed and in time attention. The important thing about this disease-causing parasites is becoming resistant to the old antiphrastic drugs and Anopheles mosquitoes insecticide. Information are based on the centers of drug-resistant malaria which is published each year by the World Health Organization (WHO). There is an interesting point about malaria that the patients in African countries who have certain blood disorders such as Sickle-cell disease (in which red blood cells are sickle-shaped) and thalassemia are more common are mostly survived and lived. The reason is that this type of anemia cause resistance form fatal malaria.

Rabies or Hydrophobia

Rabies or Hydrophobia

Definition:

This is an infectious and extreme deadly virus which attack central nervous system (CNS). This is caused by infected animals bite. This is specific to Domestic and wild carnivores which can accidentally through bites infect humans and mammals. Rabies kills 25 to 40 thousand usually in developing countries. Rabies is first a zoonotic disease between humans and other warm-blooded animals, particularly carnivores, but it is more an animal disease. There are many countries which had no report of this disease. I name several of them: Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Hawaii, Taiwan, Germany, United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Portugal, Greece and Cyprus. Rabies can occur in two different way:

Dog: through dogs especially stray dogs.

Other wild animals: they are host to this disease and can transmit them to cities animals like cats and dogs or domestic animals. In Europe transmission through fox was common, but it had been controlled by widely food vaccination.

Rabies is important for many reasons like:

High death rate (100 %): After symptoms are visible patient or animal will die. No treatment!

Increasing rate of animals bite: Every year healthcare must spend a big amount of money in order to purchase serums and vaccine to save vulnerable or recently bitten.

Livestock deaths and economic losses caused by this disease in animals.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

Definition:

Corona viruses are the viruses which most of the people will catch them in their lifetime. They spotted on 1960 which lead to a simple to semiserious disease in upper breathing system. The name of Conora is derived from a Latin name because of its appearance under electron microscope which is like spikes. It means crown or halo. There were 3 main subgroup of this virus with name of Alpha, Beta, Gama plus a recently recognized Delta. Corona Virus can also infect animals. They usually attack a single species among monkeys, cats, dogs, camels and rodents. The most famous disease which corona virus is responsible is SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) which fortunately since 2004 had not been reported globally. The last disease which this group caused was Mers-CoV in Saudi Arabia in 60 years old man which led to patient death.  Health Protection Laboratories in Colindale approved the discovery of this virus. Until now 550 people are confirmed to have this virus mainly from Saudi Arabia. Some also had been reported in United Arabs Emirates, Qatar and Bahrain which caused a total death of 175 people. WHO concerns about this Virus outbreak risk after several approved reports from European countries like France, UK and Italy.

Ebola hemorrhagic fever

Ebola hemorrhagic fever

Definition:

Ebola is a virus-type disease which the agent is called Ebola-Virus. After this virus makes his way to the body, will start a fever with bleeding which is fatal in 50 to 90% of patient at all condition. First Ebola virus had been discovered at 1976 in one of Sudan province and near Congo. This virus made his way through other African country and killed some people there. Now this virus spread outside of Africa border. This virus is named after a river in Congo.